Intro to the Rear Naked Choke (RNC) — The Basic Finish from the Back
The number one submission from back control. Why it targets the arteries, where it comes from in back control, common mistakes like getting the arm under the chin, and choke safety rules.
The rear naked choke (RNC, back choke) is the most basic and most powerful choke from the back. It doesn't need a gi, so it works the same in no-gi, and it's the number one submission every beginner should learn. I'll cover just the principle, where it shows up and common mistakes.
Principle
From behind your opponent (the back), wrap one arm around their neck, place that hand on your opposite shoulder, lock it with your other hand and squeeze. The key is compressing the arteries (blood flow) on the sides of the neck. Pressing on the windpipe in front just hurts and rarely works. Done right, it can cause unconsciousness within seconds (about 7 seconds on average in judo choke experiments).
Source: Physiological studies on fainting due to shime waza (The Arts and Sciences of Judo, 2022)
Where does it show up?
- From back control (both hooks + seatbelt grip) — the classic
- From the back of an opponent who's turtled
- From mount, when your opponent turns their back to escape
Common mistakes
- Can't get the arm under the chin: if they tuck their chin, it won't go in. Make a gap with your hand first.
- Losing back control: secure the back with hooks and seatbelt before you choke.
- Pressing only the windpipe: aim for the arteries for a clean finish.
If the tap comes late, a choke can cause a blackout (blood choke). In sparring, tighten slowly and release the moment your partner taps. If your partner doesn't respond, don't squeeze harder: release immediately and call the coach.
If you want to know about the steps before taking the back, also read the position articles.